Psychodynamic Therapy

Psychodynamic therapy promotes self-reflection to uncover the deeper causes of struggles like anxiety, depression, addiction, and relationship issues. It offers a supportive space for healing and self-understanding.

Jessica Miller is the Content Manager of Addiction HelpKent S. Hoffman, D.O. is a founder of Addiction Help
Written by
Medically reviewed by Kent S. Hoffman, D.O.
Last updated January 26, 2025

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What Is Psychodynamic Therapy?

Psychodynamic therapy—sometimes called psychodynamic psychotherapy—is a form of talk therapy that focuses on uncovering unconscious thoughts, feelings, and past experiences that influence our current behaviors.

Psychodynamic therapy evolved from psychoanalysis (i.e., psychoanalytic theory), the well-known work of Sigmund Freud, which emphasized the exploration of the unconscious mind and its impact on mental health.

Addressing unresolved conflicts and painful memories can help people better understand themselves and develop healthier coping mechanisms.

Psychodynamic therapy is commonly used to treat mental health conditions like depression, anxiety, trauma, and addiction.

A psychodynamic approach can also help treat personality disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and eating disorders, though it may be part of a larger, more comprehensive treatment plan.

Psychodynamic Therapy and Addiction

In addiction treatment, psychodynamic therapy helps people understand the emotional and psychological reasons behind their substance use.

Addiction is often linked to unresolved emotional pain or mental health struggles, which can include abuse, painful childhood experiences, and other trauma.

By exploring these issues, psychodynamic therapy helps individuals recognize the emotional triggers that contribute to their addiction.

Another critical goal of psychodynamic therapy is to help people build a stronger sense of self. As a result, they learn to handle stress, relationships, and complicated emotions healthier, ultimately contributing to long-term recovery.

How Psychodynamic Therapy Works

Psychodynamic therapy helps individuals explore the “why” behind their behaviors and emotional challenges by addressing unresolved conflicts and past experiences.

In therapy sessions, patients examine their thoughts, feelings, and relationships with a therapist to learn more about their unconscious minds.

The goal is to promote long-term emotional growth, self-awareness, and the ability to handle future challenges healthier.

Techniques Used During Psychodynamic Therapy

Psychodynamic therapy uses various techniques to help individuals explore their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.

These approaches are derived from Sigmund Freud’s research about the unconscious mind and how early life experiences shape personality, emotions, and behavior patterns.

Standard psychodynamic therapy techniques include:

  • Free Association: Patients are encouraged to speak freely about whatever comes to mind, which helps uncover unconscious thoughts and feelings.
  • Dream Analysis: Therapists help individuals analyze their dreams to uncover unconscious thoughts, emotions, or conflicts. Dreams are often seen as windows into unresolved issues or internal struggles that may not be fully recognized in waking life.
  • Examining Past Experiences: The therapist and patient examine significant life events and relationships to understand how past experiences influence current behaviors and emotional responses.
  • Identifying Defense Mechanisms: The therapist helps individuals recognize defense mechanisms—such as denial or avoidance—that may prevent emotional growth and recovery.
  • Transference and Countertransference: The therapist uses the dynamics of the therapeutic relationship to reveal patterns in how the patient relates to others. For example, feelings the patient projects onto the therapist may reflect unresolved emotions from past relationships.

Psychotherapy VS Other Types of Therapy

When considering mental health support, it helps to understand how psychodynamic therapy compares to other common forms of therapy.

Here’s a simple breakdown of some of the more common therapy approaches and how they compare to psychodynamic therapy:

  • Psychodynamic Therapy: Focuses on uncovering unconscious patterns and unresolved emotions that influence present behaviors. It helps individuals gain self-awareness and process unconscious conflicts.
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): A structured, goal-oriented therapy that addresses negative thought patterns and behaviors. Unlike psychodynamic therapy, CBT focuses on present issues and practical strategies for coping, often in a shorter time frame.
  • Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): A specialized form of CBT designed to help individuals regulate emotions, build distress tolerance, and improve interpersonal relationships. DBT is commonly used for conditions such as borderline personality disorder.
  • Humanistic Therapy: Emphasizes personal growth and self-acceptance. Humanistic approaches, such as person-centered therapy, focus on creating a supportive environment where clients can explore their feelings without judgment.

Each therapeutic approach offers unique benefits depending on individual needs.

Psychodynamic therapy can benefit people seeking insight into their emotional patterns and relationships. In contrast, CBT and DBT may appeal to those seeking structured, skill-based approaches to improving daily habits.

Understanding these different forms of therapy can help individuals make informed decisions about the best path toward emotional well-being.

Benefits of Psychodynamic Therapy

Psychodynamic therapy offers a unique approach to mental health treatment by helping people understand how unconscious thoughts, past experiences, and emotional patterns influence their current behaviors.

It is also invaluable for those seeking long-term emotional healing, as it can help you gain a clearer sense of self and make meaningful life changes.

Below are some of the key benefits of psychodynamic therapy:

  • Increases self-awareness and emotional insight
  • Strengthens relationships
  • Improves resilience and stress management
  • Resolves grief, trauma, or loss
  • Supports personal growth
  • Encourages emotional expression
  • Reduces anxiety and depression
  • Improves communication and problem-solving
  • Boosts self-esteem and self-compassion
  • Reduces self-sabotaging habits
  • Builds healthier coping skills
  • Improves emotional regulation

How to Find the Right Psychodynamic Therapist

Choosing the right psychodynamic therapist can significantly impact your therapy experience and overall progress.

Since this therapy involves exploring deep emotional patterns and past experiences, finding someone you feel comfortable with and who has the right qualifications is vital.

Here are some key steps to help you find the right psychodynamic therapist:

  • Check Their Credentials: Look for licensed professionals with specialized psychodynamic therapy training.
  • Ask About Experience: Opt for someone who has experience addressing your specific concerns, such as anxiety, trauma, relationship issues, and more.
  • Consider Compatibility: Trust and comfort are crucial. Ensure you feel safe and understood during your sessions.
  • Clarify Availability and Fees: Discuss the costs of sessions, scheduling options, and whether they accept insurance or provide sliding-scale fees.
  • Ask About Their Approach: Psychodynamic therapists’ styles can differ. Some employ more directive techniques, while others encourage free exploration.
  • Read Reviews or Get Recommendations: Reviews and personal recommendations can offer valuable insight into a therapist’s approach and reputation.

Finding the right therapist may take time, but it’s worthwhile. A good match can foster a stronger therapeutic connection and help you make meaningful progress on your mental health journey.

Get Help with Psychodynamic Therapy

Psychodynamic therapy can help you uncover the root causes of emotional pain and create lasting change in your life.

Contact the SAMHSA National Helpline at 1-800-662-HELP (4357) for free and confidential support, or visit their online treatment locator. They can connect you with your area’s mental health and substance abuse resources.

Whether you want to heal from past trauma, improve your relationships, or better understand yourself, the right therapist can make all the difference in your journey.

FAQs About Psychodynamic Therapy

What issues does psychodynamic therapy help with?

Psychodynamic therapy is commonly used to address a range of mental health concerns, including:

  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Unresolved trauma
  • Grief
  • Addiction
  • Relationship difficulties
  • Personality disorders

It can also be beneficial for individuals struggling with self-esteem issues, emotional regulation, and patterns of self-sabotaging behavior.

How long does psychodynamic therapy last?

The length of psychodynamic therapy varies depending on your individual needs and goals.

Some people benefit from short-term therapy lasting several months, while others do better in long-term therapy for a year or more to explore deeper emotional patterns and longstanding issues.

How is psychodynamic therapy different from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)?

Psychodynamic therapy focuses on uncovering unconscious emotions, past experiences, and relational patterns that influence current behavior. Alternatively, CBT is a more structured, short-term approach that focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns and behaviors to manage symptoms in the present.

Is psychodynamic therapy effective in addiction recovery?

Yes, psychodynamic therapy can be effective in addiction recovery, especially for individuals seeking to understand the emotional pain and unresolved conflicts that contribute to substance use.

However, it’s often most effective when used alongside other evidence-based treatments, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), support groups, or medication-assisted treatment.

What should I expect at my first psychodynamic therapy session?

At your first session, your therapist will likely ask questions about your history, current concerns, and goals for therapy. The session is typically conversational and provides a safe, non-judgmental space for you to share your thoughts and feelings.

Your therapist will explain how psychodynamic therapy works and begin helping you explore emotional patterns and experiences that may be influencing your current mental health.

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5 Sources
  1. Psychology Today. (2022, April 28). Psychodynamic Therapy. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/therapy-types/psychodynamic-therapy
  2. National Center for Biotechnology Information. (1999). Chapter 7: Brief Psychodynamic Therapy. In A Guide to Treatments That Work (3rd ed.). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK64952/
  3. American Psychological Association. (2010, January 25). Study Shows Long-Term Benefits of Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2010/01/psychodynamic-therapy
  4. Smith, R. J., & Jones, A. B. (2023, October 7). The Role of Psychodynamic Therapy in Treating Depression: A Systematic Review. Journal of Psychotherapy Research, 35(1), 45–60. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10608724/
  5. Milrod, B. L., Leon, A. C., & Busch, F. N. (2015, June 4). A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Panic Disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 172(5), 434–440. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4471961/
Written by
Jessica Miller is the Content Manager of Addiction Help

Editorial Director

Jessica Miller is the Editorial Director of Addiction Help. Jessica graduated from the University of South Florida (USF) with an English degree and combines her writing expertise and passion for helping others to deliver reliable information to those impacted by addiction. Informed by her personal journey to recovery and support of loved ones in sobriety, Jessica's empathetic and authentic approach resonates deeply with the Addiction Help community.

Reviewed by
  • Fact-Checked
  • Editor
Kent S. Hoffman, D.O. is a founder of Addiction Help

Founder & Chief Medical Officer

Kent S. Hoffman, D.O. has been an expert in addiction medicine for more than 15 years. In addition to managing a successful family medical practice, Dr. Hoffman is board certified in addiction medicine by the American Osteopathic Academy of Addiction Medicine (AOAAM). Dr. Hoffman has successfully treated hundreds of patients battling addiction. Dr. Hoffman is the Co-Founder and Chief Medical Officer of AddictionHelp.com and ensures the website’s medical content and messaging quality.

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